Optimal. Leaf size=487 \[ \frac {\left (8 b^4-57 a b^2 c+84 a^2 c^2\right ) x^{3/2} \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{315 c^{5/2} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}-\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (b \left (4 b^2-9 a c\right )+6 c \left (2 b^2-7 a c\right ) x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{315 c^2}+\frac {\left (3 b+7 c x^2\right ) \left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^{3/2}}{63 c \sqrt {x}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (8 b^4-57 a b^2 c+84 a^2 c^2\right ) \sqrt {x} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{315 c^{11/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (8 b^4-57 a b^2 c+84 a^2 c^2+4 \sqrt {a} b \sqrt {c} \left (b^2-6 a c\right )\right ) \sqrt {x} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{630 c^{11/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.30, antiderivative size = 487, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 6, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 24, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.250, Rules used = {1933, 1959,
1967, 1211, 1117, 1209} \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x} \left (84 a^2 c^2-57 a b^2 c+4 \sqrt {a} b \sqrt {c} \left (b^2-6 a c\right )+8 b^4\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{630 c^{11/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x} \left (84 a^2 c^2-57 a b^2 c+8 b^4\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{315 c^{11/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}+\frac {x^{3/2} \left (84 a^2 c^2-57 a b^2 c+8 b^4\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{315 c^{5/2} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}-\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (6 c x^2 \left (2 b^2-7 a c\right )+b \left (4 b^2-9 a c\right )\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{315 c^2}+\frac {\left (3 b+7 c x^2\right ) \left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^{3/2}}{63 c \sqrt {x}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 1117
Rule 1209
Rule 1211
Rule 1933
Rule 1959
Rule 1967
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \sqrt {x} \left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^{3/2} \, dx &=\frac {\left (3 b+7 c x^2\right ) \left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^{3/2}}{63 c \sqrt {x}}+\frac {\int \frac {\left (-a b-2 \left (2 b^2-7 a c\right ) x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{\sqrt {x}} \, dx}{21 c}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (b \left (4 b^2-9 a c\right )+6 c \left (2 b^2-7 a c\right ) x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{315 c^2}+\frac {\left (3 b+7 c x^2\right ) \left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^{3/2}}{63 c \sqrt {x}}+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {x} \left (4 a b \left (b^2-6 a c\right )+\left (8 b^4-57 a b^2 c+84 a^2 c^2\right ) x^2\right )}{\sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}} \, dx}{315 c^2}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (b \left (4 b^2-9 a c\right )+6 c \left (2 b^2-7 a c\right ) x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{315 c^2}+\frac {\left (3 b+7 c x^2\right ) \left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^{3/2}}{63 c \sqrt {x}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}\right ) \int \frac {4 a b \left (b^2-6 a c\right )+\left (8 b^4-57 a b^2 c+84 a^2 c^2\right ) x^2}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{315 c^2 \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (b \left (4 b^2-9 a c\right )+6 c \left (2 b^2-7 a c\right ) x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{315 c^2}+\frac {\left (3 b+7 c x^2\right ) \left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^{3/2}}{63 c \sqrt {x}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {a} \left (8 b^4-57 a b^2 c+84 a^2 c^2\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}\right ) \int \frac {1-\frac {\sqrt {c} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{315 c^{5/2} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {a} \left (8 b^4-57 a b^2 c+84 a^2 c^2+4 \sqrt {a} b \sqrt {c} \left (b^2-6 a c\right )\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{315 c^{5/2} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}\\ &=\frac {\left (8 b^4-57 a b^2 c+84 a^2 c^2\right ) x^{3/2} \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{315 c^{5/2} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}-\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (b \left (4 b^2-9 a c\right )+6 c \left (2 b^2-7 a c\right ) x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{315 c^2}+\frac {\left (3 b+7 c x^2\right ) \left (a x+b x^3+c x^5\right )^{3/2}}{63 c \sqrt {x}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (8 b^4-57 a b^2 c+84 a^2 c^2\right ) \sqrt {x} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{315 c^{11/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (8 b^4-57 a b^2 c+84 a^2 c^2+4 \sqrt {a} b \sqrt {c} \left (b^2-6 a c\right )\right ) \sqrt {x} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{630 c^{11/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 11.45, size = 609, normalized size = 1.25 \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt {x} \left (4 c \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} x \left (-4 b^4 x^2-b^3 c x^4+53 b^2 c^2 x^6+85 b c^3 x^8+35 c^4 x^{10}+a^2 c \left (24 b+77 c x^2\right )+a \left (-4 b^3+27 b^2 c x^2+151 b c^2 x^4+112 c^3 x^6\right )\right )+i \left (8 b^4-57 a b^2 c+84 a^2 c^2\right ) \left (-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \sqrt {\frac {2 b-2 \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+4 c x^2}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} E\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )-i \left (-8 b^5+65 a b^3 c-132 a^2 b c^2+8 b^4 \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-57 a b^2 c \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+84 a^2 c^2 \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \sqrt {\frac {2 b-2 \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+4 c x^2}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} F\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right )}{1260 c^3 \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \sqrt {x \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(1877\) vs.
\(2(465)=930\).
time = 0.05, size = 1878, normalized size = 3.86
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {x^{\frac {3}{2}} \left (35 c^{3} x^{6}+50 b \,c^{2} x^{4}+77 a \,c^{2} x^{2}+3 b^{2} c \,x^{2}+24 a b c -4 b^{3}\right ) \left (c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a \right )}{315 c^{2} \sqrt {x \left (c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a \right )}}-\frac {\left (\frac {\left (84 a^{2} c^{2}-57 a \,b^{2} c +8 b^{4}\right ) a \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \left (\EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )-\EllipticE \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}\, \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}+\frac {6 a^{2} b c \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}-\frac {a \,b^{3} \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}\right ) \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}\, \sqrt {x}}{315 c^{2} \sqrt {x \left (c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a \right )}}\) | \(654\) |
default | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(1878\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-2)]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Exception raised: TypeError} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \sqrt {x} \left (x \left (a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}\right )\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \sqrt {x}\,{\left (c\,x^5+b\,x^3+a\,x\right )}^{3/2} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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